Seizure Actions: Guidelines for Handling Various Seizure Types
In the realm of neurological conditions, seizures are a common occurrence. While they can be alarming, understanding the different types of seizures and the appropriate responses can help alleviate fear and ensure the best possible care for those affected.
Seizures can be broadly categorised into three main types: focal, absence, and tonic-clonic. Each type presents differently and requires varying levels of intervention.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures, also known as partial seizures, occur when a specific region in the brain behaves abnormally, typically involving the misfiring of electrical signals. There are two subtypes: focal aware and focal impaired awareness seizures.
In a focal aware seizure, a person may experience symptoms such as an intense feeling, a rising sensation in the stomach, twitching in a limb, or an unusual smell or taste. During these seizures, it may be helpful to reassure the person and guide them to a safe environment. If it's their first seizure or they were injured during the seizure, they should talk with a doctor.
On the other hand, focal impaired awareness seizures (also called complex partial seizures) affect a specific part of the brain and cause impaired consciousness. Key steps in dealing with these seizures include ensuring the person's safety, staying with them until the seizure ends, observing details of the seizure, helping them regain orientation post-seizure, and seeking emergency care if necessary.
Absence Seizures
Absence seizures, typically occurring in children, involve a person losing awareness and staring blankly for a brief period. These seizures are often brief and do not require immediate medical attention, but if it's the first time a person experiences a seizure or if there's a change in their seizures, they should consult a doctor.
Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Tonic-clonic seizures, also known as grand mal seizures, involve both sides of the brain and are characterised by muscle stiffening (tonic phase) followed by jerking movements (clonic phase). If someone is experiencing a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure, people nearby should follow the same advice as for tonic-clonic seizures: guide them away from danger, do not restrain them, and speak calmly and gently.
Status Epilepticus
Status epilepticus, a medical emergency, occurs when a seizure continues for 5 minutes or longer. If a seizure lasts this long, call 911 immediately. Status epilepticus can cause brain damage, so urgent medical care is necessary.
In dealing with seizures, it's essential to remain calm, reassuring, and supportive. By understanding the different types of seizures and the appropriate responses, we can better support those affected and ensure their safety during these challenging times.
