Increase in Reptile Population: Focus on Snakes in Urban Portuguese Environments?
In urban environments, reptiles, such as snakes and lizards, have adapted remarkably well to the changing landscapes. This adaptation is largely due to the ectothermic (cold-blooded) nature of these creatures, which means their body temperature is regulated by external sources [1]. As a result, their activity and population dynamics are somewhat cyclical, responding to seasonal and environmental temperature fluctuations.
Common urban reptile species vary by region but typically include several species of lizards and snakes that can thrive in human environments. While specific common urban reptiles are not detailed in this article, typical urban reptiles in many regions include small lizards like anoles and geckos, and snakes such as garter snakes or rat snakes.
One venomous but relatively harmless urban reptile is the Montpellier snake (Malpolon monspessulanus), a rear-fanged snake native to parts of Europe and North Africa. Despite its venomous status, the Montpellier snake's venom is mild compared to front-fanged venomous snakes and is primarily used to subdue prey rather than posing a significant threat to humans. It does not inject venom when biting humans [no direct sources from search results but established herpetological knowledge].
The naturalization of urban environments, particularly through the promotion of green spaces, encourages the flow of species, which is not limited to reptiles but encompasses species from various groups. This continuous flow of species between peri-urban areas and urban areas has been observed by the Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests (ICNF) [2].
When encountering a reptile in an urban environment, it is recommended not to interact with the animal, but to let it go its own way and avoid stepping on, grabbing, or cornering it. Most snake bites in urban areas are a defensive reaction from the animals when people interact with them.
The ICNF also highlighted that weather conditions may influence the reproduction of snakes, potentially creating an illusion of an increase in their numbers. The promotion of green spaces in urban areas further contributes to this flow of species, providing habitats that cater to the needs of various urban reptiles.
In summary, urban reptile populations are influenced by weather due to their ectothermy, making population activity somewhat cyclical with seasonal temperature changes [1]. Common urban reptiles typically include adaptable lizards and non-front-fanged snakes; specifics depend on the geographic area. The Montpellier snake is venomous but mildly so, employing rear fangs; its venom is not usually dangerous to humans. The naturalization of urban environments and the promotion of green spaces contribute to the presence of reptiles in urban areas, with weather conditions playing a significant role in their reproduction and survival.
Engaging in proper health-and-wellness practices can help individuals coexist peacefully with urban reptiles, as understanding their activities and populations is vital. For instance, promoting fitness-and-exercise routines can keep people active and minimize interactions with reptiles, thus reducing potential confrontations. Additionally, taking care of the environment through recycling, composting, and reducing carbon emissions supports the preservation of environmental-science that aids in the healthy existence of urban reptiles.
