Epileptic seizures resistant to treatment: Symptoms, origins, and solutions
Alternative Treatments for Refractory Epilepsy
Refractory epilepsy, a form of epilepsy that does not respond to treatment with medication, affects around one in three individuals with the condition. This article explores the alternative therapy options available for those struggling to manage their seizures.
Doctors often start with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) as a first-line treatment, using single or combination therapies to manage an individual's seizures. However, when these medications fail to work, other treatments come into play.
Neuromodulation therapies, such as Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), and Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS), are among the key alternatives. VNS therapy involves implanting a device that stimulates the vagus nerve intermittently. It can reduce seizures by around 50% or more in approximately half of patients over long-term use (5 years), and it is effective for both focal and generalized epilepsies, including Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. DBS and RNS are other neuromodulation techniques that target specific areas of the brain to reduce seizure frequency.
Surgical procedures, including epilepsy surgery, are also options for individuals with seizures that originate in a clearly identifiable area of the brain. Newer, less invasive techniques like laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and stereotactic thermocoagulation are becoming more common.
Dietary interventions, such as the ketogenic diet, have demonstrated benefit in children with refractory epilepsy by altering brain metabolism and reducing seizures. Researchers are continuously developing new treatments and therapies for refractory epilepsy, including the use of cannabidiol (CBD) as an adjunct in certain drug-resistant epileptic syndromes.
It's crucial for individuals with refractory epilepsy to work closely with their doctor to minimize the impact of seizures on their life. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves VNS to treat refractory epilepsy, reducing the frequency and severity of seizures. The Epilepsy Foundation advises that individuals with refractory epilepsy should not lose hope, as new treatments and therapies are continuously being developed.
In a 2013 review, the ketogenic diet successfully controlled seizures in some cases, and CBD may improve seizure control and quality of life. However, more research is needed to expand the indications for these treatments. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) prefers the term "drug-resistant epilepsy" to "refractory epilepsy."
Only around 5% of individuals with refractory epilepsy recover completely, but with the right treatment and support, many can lead fulfilling lives. If you or someone you know is struggling with refractory epilepsy, it's essential to discuss treatment options with a healthcare professional.
- Science and medical research are continuously working to develop new treatments and therapies for drug-resistant epilepsy, such as the use of cannabidiol (CBD) as an adjunct in certain drug-resistant epileptic syndromes.
- In addition to medication, therapies and treatments like Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS), surgical procedures, dietary interventions like the ketogenic diet, and fitness and exercise can help manage chronic diseases such as epilepsy and seizures.
- Maintaining good mental health and nutritional wellness is essential for individuals dealing with refractory epilepsy, as they work closely with their doctor to minimize the impact of seizures on their life.
- Alternative treatments for refractory epilepsy include neuromodulation therapies, surgical procedures, and dietary interventions, and it's important for individuals struggling with refractory epilepsy to discuss these options with their healthcare professional.
